South Africa, as G20 chair, is commissioning Joseph Stiglitz to lead a report on global wealth inequality ahead of November’s summit. The move spotlights stark disparities: the richest 1 percent have gained $33.9 trillion since 2015, according to Oxfam, while nearly half the world remains impoverished. Developing countries are urged to the forefront of G20 debate. South Africa’s domestic inequality also underscores the thematic urgency. The report may shape policy shifts on aid, taxation, and sustainable development.