As Nigeria’s democratic system continues to grow, it is essential for both voters and candidates to understand the legal boundaries that govern elections. The Electoral Act, along with various supporting laws, establishes clear rules to promote free, fair, and credible elections. Ignorance of these laws is not a valid excuse and violating them can lead to disqualification, fines, or imprisonment.

Here are 10 critical election campaign laws every Nigerian should know:

1. Vote Buying is a Criminal Offense

Offering or receiving money, gifts, food, or other incentives in exchange for votes is illegal. This practice, commonly known as vote buying, undermines the democratic process and is punishable under the Electoral Act. Both the giver and the receiver are liable for prosecution.

2. Intimidation or Use of Force is Prohibited

Threatening, harassing, or using physical force to influence a voter’s choice is a crime. Section 128 of the Electoral Act criminalizes any form of voter coercion. Every eligible Nigerian has the right to vote freely, without fear or pressure.

3. Forgery Leads to Disqualification

Candidates must present genuine certificates and documents during registration. Submitting forged credentials, such as fake academic qualifications or falsified identity records, is a serious criminal offense that leads to immediate disqualification and potential prosecution.

4. Anonymous and Foreign Donations Are Not Allowed

Political campaign funds must be traceable. Candidates are prohibited from receiving anonymous or foreign donations, as these violate the Electoral Act and pose a threat to national sovereignty and transparency in campaign financing.

5. Public Resources Must Not Be Used for Campaigns

Government vehicles, funds, facilities, or personnel must not be used for campaign purposes. Incumbent office holders who leverage public assets for personal political gain are committing abuse of office and may face sanctions.

6. Hate Speech is a Punishable Offense

Using language that incites violence, hatred, or discrimination against individuals or groups based on ethnicity, religion, or political affiliation is illegal. Both the Electoral Act and Cybercrimes Act prohibit hate speech. Candidates and their supporters must campaign responsibly and promote peaceful engagement.

7. Campaigning Must Stop 24 Hours Before Election Day

According to electoral guidelines, all campaigning activities must end at least 24 hours before the commencement of voting. This is known as the “campaign blackout period.” Violating this rule can result in disqualification or penalties from the electoral commission.

8. Overspending is a Legal Violation

Campaign finance limits are clearly defined in the law. For instance, gubernatorial candidates must not spend more than ₦1 billion, as provided under Section 88 of the Electoral Act. Exceeding the limit is a punishable offense and may lead to financial sanctions or loss of candidacy.

9. Voting More Than Once is Illegal

Double or multiple voting is an electoral offense. Attempting to vote more than once, or using multiple Permanent Voter Cards (PVCs), is a criminal act that attracts prosecution. Voters must respect the “One Person, One Vote” principle.

10. Underage Voting is a Crime

Only Nigerians aged 18 years and above are eligible to vote. Facilitating or participating in underage voter registration or voting is illegal and punishable under the law. Electoral officials and political agents involved in such practices risk jail time and blacklisting.

Conclusion

As Nigeria prepares for upcoming elections, voters and candidates alike must be well-informed about these vital laws. Electoral integrity depends on compliance, vigilance, and accountability. Let’s work together to uphold democracy by respecting the rules, avoiding malpractice, and fostering peaceful campaigns.

 Campaign smart. Campaign fair. Campaign lawfully.